Oxygen is a vital and constant presence on Earth today. But that hasn't always been the case. It wasn't until around 2.3 ...

Respiration is a series of reactions, but this summarises the overall process. Human muscle can respire anaerobically for short periods of time - even though the process is relatively inefficient, ...

Researchers in Japan have clarified the crystal structure of quinol dependent nitric oxide reductase (qNOR), a bacterial enzyme that offers clues on the origins of our earliest oxygen-breathing ...

Mitochondria are double membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for aerobic respiration, producing energy for the cell, which they achieve through ...

Wine, beer and yogurt are produced when microorganisms convert sugar into alcohol, gases or acids. But this process of fermentation -- which is used by bacteria, fungi and other fast-growing cells to ...

In this study biokinetic and microbial growth coefficients for nitrate versus oxygen respiration in the activated sludge process were evaluated and compared. Two bench-scale activated sludge units ...

Breathing refers to the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air through the lungs. It involves the movement of air in and out of the body, which is facilitated by the diaphragm and other muscles of ...