Environmental biofilm systems are comprised of many diverse cohabiting bacteria (Hall-Stoodley et al., 2004). For example, soil is typically high in bacterial abundance and diversity and includes ...

The predominant mode of growth of most bacteria in natural and engineered environments is as a surface-associated community encased in an extracellular matrix, called a biofilm. When conditions within ...

Biofilm-associated infections pose a significant challenge in clinical settings due to their resistance to conventional antibiotics and host immune ...

Sarah Maddocks does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...