It is an undeniable fact that electronic appliances and devices have become an integral part of modern life. Computers specifically have become indispensable tools for conducting business worldwide, ...

Electronic waste (e-waste) refers to discarded electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, televisions, and other consumer or industrial electronics that are no longer functional or needed. These ...

Electronic waste recycling and metal recovery represent critical strategies in addressing the dual challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation. As global electronics consumption ...