Access to external finance, such as bank loans or trade credit, is a key determinant of a firm’s ability to develop, operate, and expand. Economic researchers have studied how various macroeconomic ...

External finance: Family and friends, bank loans, overdrafts, new partners, share issue, trade credit, leasing, hire purchase, and government grants Start-ups: Suitable sources include owner's capital ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation This paper develops a theory of international trade in which financial development and factor endowments jointly determine ...

Access to external finance is a key determinant of a firm’s ability to develop, operate and expand. To date, the literature has examined a variety of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors that ...

The Sheffield-based British Business Bank’s Small Business Finance Markets 2024/25 report, published today, finds that usage of external finance by smaller businesses in Yorkshire and the Humber rose ...

Yale political scientist Didac Queralt’s scholarship focuses on the role of public finance — government spending, borrowing, and taxation — on the formation and strength of national states. In his ...

Northern Ireland had the highest use of external finance among smaller businesses in 2024 of all the UK’s nations and regions, according to a report by the British Business Bank. The bank’s fifth ...