The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics begins its article on public goods and externalities with the statement that “most economic arguments for government intervention are based on the idea that the ...

Political economy and institutional analysis examine how political and legal frameworks shape economic behaviour, resource allocation and collective decision making. Drawing on theories of property ...

Welfare economics, scope and performance of government, externalities, public goods, cost-benefit analysis, subsidies economize on spending without losing effectiveness by modifying the conceptual ...

We report three findings. First, using evidence from chain bankruptcies and data on 12 million to 18 million establishments per year, we show that large retailers produce significant positive ...