Charged atomic and molecular species are ubiquitous in environments such as planetary atmospheres, interstellar medium and plasma. The collisions between charged ions and neutral molecules play vital ...

In both the natural world and human society, there commonly exist complex systems, such as climate systems, ecological systems, and network systems. Due to the involvement of numerous interacting ...

PTIR calculates the rates at which originally monomeric proteins are transformed into aggregates at various temperatures under initial-rate settings. Utilizing SMSLS for identical conditions generates ...